Corso di Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare I
Prof. Simonetta Gentile

Programma del corso e Bibliografia

Calendario e regole delle prove d'esame

Diario delle lezioni

1. Introduction to the particle phyisics.
   • Production of elementary particles.
   • Detection of elementary particles.
2. Units.

1. Nuclear Physics: discoveries.
2. Electron:
   • the discovery of electron (J.J.Thomson,1897)
   • the electron charge (Millikan).

1. Rutherford scattering experiment.

1. Cross section.
2. Scattering process: elastic, inelastic.
3. Absorption coefficient, attenuation lenght and free mean path.
4. Luminosity. Luminosity in colliding beam. Integrated luminosity. Example: LHC.
5. Differential cross section.

1. Rutherford Scattering.
2. Impact parameter and scattering angle.
3. The cross section in the Rutherford Scattering.

1. The building blocks of nucleus.
2. The building blocks of the nucleus: The proton.
3. The building blocks of the nucleus: The neutron.

1. Energy deposition in media.
2. Energy loss by ionization.
3. Energy loss for electrons and positrons.
4. Energy loss through bremmstrahlung.
5. Multiple scattering.
6. Cherenkov effect.

1. Interactions of photons with matter.
2. Photoelectric effect.
3. Compton scattering.
4. Pair production.
5. Electromagnetic shower.

1. Interactions of hadrons with matter.

1. Ionization detectors.
• Operational regions of ionization detectors: recombination, proportional, Geiger-Müller region.
2. Scintillation detectors.
3. Cherenkov detectors.
4. Calorimeters.
5. Semiconductors detectors.
6. Magnetic spectrometer.

1. Cosmic Rays.
2. Positron.
3. The muon and pion.
4. Strangeness.
5. Antiproton.
6. Neutrinos.
7. Weak interaction.
8. τ lepton.
9. ν_τ lepton.

1. Accelerators.
2. Cyclotron.
3. Synchrocyclotron.
4. Synchrotron.
5. Fixed target accelerator and Colliders.

1. Elementary particle.
2. Quantum numbers.
• Baryon number.
• Lepton number.
• Strangeness.
• Isospin.
• Gell-Mann-Nishijima relation.
• Violation of quantum numbers.
3. Introduction to Standard Model of elementary particles.

1. Symmetries and invariances
2. Discrete Symmetries
• Parity
• Charge Conjugation
• Time Reversal
3. Parity Violation
4. CP, CPT and CP Violation
• CPT theorem

1. Nuclear Phenomenolgy
2. Properties of Nuclei

1. Nuclear Models
2. Liquid Drop Model
3. Fermi Model
4. Shell Model

1. Nuclear Radiation
• Alpha decay
• Tunnel effect
• Beta decay
• Gamma Decay
• Radioactivity and lifetime
• Natural Radioactivity and Radioactive Dating

1. Applications of Nuclear Physics
2. Nuclear Fission
   • Uranium fission
3. Nuclear Fusion