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Let
be the
results
of independent measurements
and
the (diagonal) covariance matrix.
Let us assume that they are all affected by the same calibration
constant
, having a standard uncertainty
.
The corrected results are then
.
We can assume, for
simplicity, that the most probable value of
is 0, i.e.
the detector is well calibrated.
One has to
consider the calibration constant as
the physical quantity
, whose best estimate is
.
A term
must be added to the
covariance matrix.
The covariance matrix of the corrected results is given by the
transformation
 |
(14.14) |
where
.
The elements of
are given by
 |
(14.15) |
In this case we get
 |
 |
 |
(14.16) |
Cov |
 |
 |
(14.17) |
 |
 |
 |
(14.18) |
|
 |
 |
(14.19) |
reobtaining the results of Section
.
The total uncertainty on the single measurement is given by the
combination in quadrature of the individual and the common
standard uncertainties, and all the covariances are equal to
.
To verify, in a simple case, that the result is reasonable,
let us consider only two independent quantities
and
,
and a calibration constant
, having
an expected value equal to zero. From these we can calculate
the correlated quantities
and
and finally their
sum (
) and difference (
). The results are
It follows that
as intuitively expected.
Next: Normalization uncertainty
Up: Matrice di covarianza di
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Giulio D'Agostini
2001-04-02